What characterizes an "indie film" in comparison to mainstream cinema?

An indie film is characterized by being produced outside the major studio system, which significantly influences its creative freedom and the types of stories it can tell. This independence allows filmmakers to explore unique narratives, artistic styles, and innovative approaches that may not align with the commercial interests of large studios. Indie films often have a more personal or artistic vision, as they aren't constrained by the expectations or demands of a wide mainstream audience.

The choice about budgets is misleading because while indie films generally operate with lower budgets compared to major studio productions, this is not a defining characteristic of indie films. The claim that indie films focus solely on documentary storytelling is incorrect since indie films encompass a wide range of genres, including dramas, comedies, and experimental works. Similarly, the idea that indie films only cater to niche audiences is not entirely accurate; while they may appeal to specific groups, many indie films have gained broader recognition and success, sometimes crossing over into mainstream culture.