Which term references films produced outside the traditional Hollywood system in favor of independent production?

Indie films refer to productions made outside the mainstream Hollywood system, focusing on independent production methods. These films are typically financed by independent studios or filmmakers, allowing for greater creative freedom and often tackling unique or unconventional narratives that may not fit the commercial mainstream model. The independence from major studios means that indie films tend to explore diverse themes and storytelling techniques, often reflecting more personal or artistic visions.

In contrast, blockbuster films are typically high-budget productions that rely on large studio backing, while studio films also adhere to the traditional Hollywood model with established systems of distribution and marketing. Art films, while they can be independent, are specifically characterized by their focus on artistic expression and may not necessarily represent the wider scope of indie films. Thus, the term "indie films" accurately captures the essence of productions associated with independent filmmaking.